In the field of history of science in Islamic societies, research practice has focused almost exclusively on the study of texts or instruments and their translations. The appearance of knowledge in one culture that was created in another culture is often understood conceptually as »transfer« or »transmission« of knowledge between those two cultures. The text is 20 A4 pages and contains 53 A4 Diagrams (originals are all A3, and some interlink to form the complete chart at large scale.) As this site would not upload this file please go to for an excellent view of text and diagrams. Thus this text sets down clearly known facts and dates and uses the life spans attributable to evaluate the overlap of these cartographers and how their charts also spring from a basic pattern/template which is amply illustrated in the second part of this research. Add to that the Carta Pisane, probably 1290 and the Cortona Chart c1300, both of which have doubtful provenance, but by existing they push the date backwards for the training of their authors. But he had to be taught the art and that has never been addressed in the myriad of papers written over the last years. The first extant work provable by attribution is that of Petrus Vesconte and his 1311 chart. Read research papers or books concerning Genoese 14 th to 16 th Century cartography and there is not one text written which investigates how it all happened and uses simple basic facts such as lifespan, training or raison d'être for the origination. Found general patterns of place-naming give the opportunity to use toponyms by Pietro Veskonte for further research of portolan charts of other well-known authors, as well as anonymous cartographers. The inﬂ uence of Marino Sanudo on the edition of toponyms of western part of the Black Sea on the portolan charts of Pietro Veskonte dated 1320–1321. The hypothesis of migration of cartographer from Genoa to Venice after 1313 is tested.

The regularities of the use of names in the framework of the proposed classiﬁ cation are described, 17 lost place-names are restored. Toponyms in the Black and Azov Seas region of ﬁ ve portolan charts of Pietro Veskonte dated 1311–1321 are analyzed on the base of the method developed by the author. The monograph is intended for geographers, cartographers, historians and anyone, who have interested to history of region of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, to history of cartography and the portolan charts of this region. The monograph is a tool for further research. In conclusion, presented the consolidated list of the place names with the analysis of their application to study of portolan charts. Proposed the technique to analisis of the charts and maps. A separate chapter is devoted to the analysis of names of regions and names of seas of the area to study. Every place name described and localized to modern charts, presented of the statistical, chronological, cartographic, toponymical and historical characteristics of each place name. The study used 299 portolan charts from more than 700 surviving similar charts covering of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov.

This monograph presents toponymy of the coast of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, presented on medieval manuscript charts, so-called «portolan charts» of XIV-XVII centuries.

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